“ From Atoms to Traits”

Kevin Lin 

Mr. Quick 

A Block 

“ From Atoms to Traits”

1. One of these principles, now called Mendel's law of segregation, states that allele pairs separate or segregate during gamete formation, and randomly unite at fertilization.

 A gene can exist in more than one form.

Organisms inherit two alleles for each trait.

When gametes are produced (by meiosis), allele pairs separate leaving each cell with a single allele for each trait.

When the two alleles of a pair are different, one is dominant and the other is recessive.

2. Watson and Crick first discover the structure of DNA.

3.

1) The substitution of a single letter for another at a particular position in the polymer

Example:

ACTGCC…

ACGCCC…

Every three letters is a amino acid, so it could cause the change of protein

 2) Insertion: The addition of extra base pairs in the sequence

Example: A smooth pea and a wrinkled pea

 3) Gene Copy Number: Difference in the number of duplication of an entire sequence

Example: the genes for starch digestion in chimpanzees and humans

 4) Duplication: Difference in the number of duplication of a base pair

Example: Signal receptor for pigment cells in pigs

 5) Regulatory changes: the change in the formation of gene sequences during the organism's development

Example: …

4. Evolutionary developmental biology (evolution of development or informally, evo-devo) is a field of biology that compares the developmental processes of different organisms to determine the ancestral relationship between them, and to discover how developmental processes evolved. It addresses the origin and evolution of embryonic development; how modifications of development and developmental processes lead to the production of novel features, such as the evolution of feathers; the role of developmental plasticity in evolution; how ecology impacts development and evolutionary change; and the developmental basis of homoplasy and homology.

5.   If a person has been constantly rejecting lactose products while he was growing up, then he will be lactose intolerant because his body lacks the mutant form of lactase enzyme.